6 Proven Cold Sore Treatments and 7 Remedies That Could Backfire

Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They often appear as small, fluid-filled blisters around the lips or mouth, causing discomfort and embarrassment. Fortunately, several remedies can help reduce the pain, speed up healing, and even prevent future outbreaks. However, not all treatments are effective, and some can even worsen the condition. In this article, we’ll explore the six best cold sore remedies and seven you should avoid.

Understanding Cold Sores

Before diving into remedies, it’s essential to understand what cold sores are and why they occur. Cold sores are typically caused by HSV-1, though HSV-2 (usually associated with genital herpes) can also be responsible. Once infected, the virus remains dormant in the body and can be triggered by various factors such as stress, illness, hormonal changes, or exposure to sunlight.

Cold sores go through several stages:

1. Tingling and Itching: The first sign is often a tingling or itching sensation around the mouth.
2. Blistering: Small, fluid-filled blisters begin to form.
3. Oozing and Crusting: The blisters may burst, leaving a crusty sore.
4. Healing: The sore begins to heal, often leaving no scar.

The entire process can last about two weeks, but with the right remedies, the healing time can be shortened, and the severity of symptoms reduced.

The 6 Best Cold Sore Remedies

1. Antiviral Medications

Prescription antiviral medications are the most effective way to treat cold sores. Medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can reduce the severity of an outbreak, shorten healing time, and, when taken at the first sign of symptoms, can even prevent the sore from fully developing. These medications work by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate, effectively reducing its impact.

Trusted Reference: Mayo Clinic - https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017

1. Topical Creams

Over-the-counter antiviral creams like docosanol (Abreva) can also be effective, particularly when applied at the first sign of tingling or itching. These creams can help reduce the duration of symptoms by preventing the virus from entering healthy cells. To be effective, they need to be applied several times a day until the sore heals.

Trusted Reference: WebMD - https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-are-cold-sore-treatments

1. Lysine Supplements

Lysine is an amino acid that can inhibit the replication of the herpes virus. Studies have shown that lysine supplements can reduce the frequency and severity of cold sore outbreaks. While lysine is available in many foods, taking a supplement during an outbreak or as a preventive measure can be particularly beneficial.

Trusted Reference: Healthline - https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lysine-for-cold-sores

1. Cold Compresses

Applying a cold compress to the affected area can reduce swelling and numb the pain associated with cold sores. It won’t necessarily speed up healing, but it can make the symptoms more bearable. Simply wrap an ice pack in a cloth and apply it to the sore for about 10-15 minutes at a time.

Trusted Reference: Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15172-cold-sores-herpes-simplex-labialis

1. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is well-known for its soothing and healing properties. Applying aloe vera gel to a cold sore can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. It’s also moisturizing, which can help prevent the sore from cracking and bleeding. Ensure you use pure aloe vera gel for the best results.

Trusted Reference: Medical News Today - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325673

1. Honey

Honey, particularly Manuka honey, has antiviral and antibacterial properties that can help in healing cold sores. Applying honey to a cold sore can reduce inflammation and prevent secondary infections. Some studies suggest that honey may be as effective as antiviral medications in reducing the duration of cold sores.

Trusted Reference: National Library of Medicine - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667035/

7 Cold Sore Remedies to Avoid

1. Hydrogen Peroxide

While hydrogen peroxide is often touted as a cure-all for various ailments, it’s not recommended for cold sores. Hydrogen peroxide can dry out the skin and delay healing. It may also cause irritation, which can worsen the sore and prolong the discomfort.

Trusted Reference: American Academy of Dermatology - https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/itchy-skin/cold-sores/preventing

1. Rubbing Alcohol

Similar to hydrogen peroxide, rubbing alcohol can dry out the cold sore, leading to cracking and increased pain. While it might seem like a good idea to disinfect the sore, alcohol can damage the surrounding healthy skin and slow down the healing process.

Trusted Reference: Mayo Clinic - https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017

1. Toothpaste

Some people believe that applying toothpaste to a cold sore will help dry it out and speed up healing. However, toothpaste contains ingredients that can irritate the skin and exacerbate the sore. There’s no scientific evidence to support the use of toothpaste for cold sores, and it’s generally best avoided.

Trusted Reference: Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15172-cold-sores-herpes-simplex-labialis

1. Acidic Foods

Consuming acidic foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar can irritate a cold sore, making it more painful and potentially slowing down the healing process. It’s best to avoid these foods during an outbreak to prevent further discomfort.

Trusted Reference: Healthline - https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/acidic-foods

1. Salt

Applying salt directly to a cold sore is an old remedy that can cause significant pain and irritation. While salt has antibacterial properties, it can also dry out the sore and damage the surrounding skin, leading to delayed healing and increased discomfort.

Trusted Reference: American Academy of Dermatology - https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/itchy-skin/cold-sores/preventing

1. Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is often hailed as a natural remedy for many conditions, but it’s not advisable to use it on cold sores. The acidity of the vinegar can irritate the sore and the surrounding skin, leading to more pain and prolonged healing time.

Trusted Reference: Medical News Today - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325673

1. Tea Tree Oil

While tea tree oil has antiviral properties, it’s also highly potent and can cause skin irritation when applied directly to a cold sore. If used, it should be heavily diluted with a carrier oil, but even then, there’s a risk of irritation and allergic reaction.

Trusted Reference: National Library of Medicine - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5782438/

Conclusion

Cold sores are a common and often painful condition, but with the right remedies, you can reduce the severity of symptoms and speed up healing. Antiviral medications, topical creams, and natural remedies like aloe vera and honey are among the best options available. However, it’s equally important to avoid treatments that can worsen the sore or delay healing, such as hydrogen peroxide, rubbing alcohol, and acidic foods.

If you experience frequent or severe cold sore outbreaks, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. With the right approach, you can manage cold sores effectively and minimize their impact on your life.