Edema is the build-up of fluid between the tissue and cells under the skin which causes swelling. It is common in the legs and feet due to the effect of gravity on fluids trapped within the body. Edema in the legs and feet is called peripheral edema. It is more common in the elderly and can cause the inflammation of varicose veins. It can be caused by being overweight, prolonged standing, infection and blood clots. Peripheral edema may be symptomatic of other illnesses such as kidney, heart or liver failure. Measuring peripheral edema should be undertaken by a medical professional; however, you can perform a few simple tests at home. Things You'll Need Measuring tape Bucket of water Pen Paper Remove clothing that is covering your feet and legs. Look at your feet and legs. Compare one leg to the other and look for differences in size. Your whole leg may be swollen; however you may notice areas that are more swollen or are out of proportion. Press firmly on your leg or foot with a finger and remove. Observe the reaction of your skin. This is an indication of the type of peripheral edema you may have, and whether it might be related to other illnesses. Skin springs back immediately with non-pitting edema. If an indentation remains for a while, this is pitted edema. For example, non-pitting edema is associated with problems with the lymphatic system. Use a measuring tape to measure the circumference of your leg. Write down its circumference and repeat daily for a few days, using the same area on your the leg. Increasing measurements indicate swelling. Measure the volume of water your foot and ankle displaces over the period of one week. A simple method to do this is with a bucket of water and a measuring tape. Measure the distance from the floor to the level of water in the bucket. Write down the water level measurement. Place your foot in the bucket; ensure your ankle is covered by the water as well. Take another water level measurement and write it down. Repeat step 7 twice a day for one week. You might need to find a helper to take the water level measurement. . Calculate the difference between the water level before and after you placed your foot in the water. The difference between the two measurements will increase as the water level rises. This indicates that the swelling has increased because your foot has displaced more water. Bring your observations and measurements to a medical professional and seek advice about the swelling in your legs and ankles. Your measurements may assist in a diagnosis. Tips & Warnings These measurements are simple tests you can do at home. Seek professional help for advice, diagnosis and treatment of peripheral edema. Source
