How to Treat Ingrown Toenails at Home and When to See a Doctor

Ingrown toenails, a common and often painful condition, occur when the edges or corners of the toenail grow into the surrounding skin. This can lead to discomfort, swelling, and even infection if left untreated. While the big toe is most commonly affected, any toenail can become ingrown. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Causes of Ingrown Toenails

Improper Toenail Trimming

One of the primary causes of ingrown toenails is improper toenail trimming. Cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges can encourage the nail to grow into the skin. The correct way to trim toenails is straight across, avoiding rounded or pointed corners.

Tight Footwear

Wearing tight shoes, socks, or stockings can put excessive pressure on the toes, leading to ingrown toenails. Footwear that doesn't provide enough room for the toes can force the nails into the surrounding skin, especially if the shoes have a narrow toe box.

Toe Injury

Trauma to the toe, such as stubbing it or dropping something heavy on it, can cause the nail to grow irregularly, leading to an ingrown toenail. Even repeated activities like kicking a ball can damage the nail, increasing the risk of ingrowth.

Genetic Predisposition

Some people are genetically predisposed to developing ingrown toenails. Factors such as the natural shape of the nail, the size of the toe, and the thickness of the nail can all play a role. If ingrown toenails run in your family, you might be more susceptible.

Poor Foot Hygiene

Neglecting proper foot hygiene can contribute to the development of ingrown toenails. Keeping feet clean and dry is essential in preventing infections and complications that can arise from ingrown toenails.

Nail Conditions

Certain nail conditions, such as fungal infections, can cause the toenail to thicken or become irregularly shaped, making it more likely to grow into the skin. Psoriasis, which affects the skin and nails, can also lead to ingrown toenails.

Symptoms of Ingrown Toenails

Pain and Tenderness

Pain and tenderness along the sides of the nail are often the first signs of an ingrown toenail. This discomfort is typically exacerbated by pressure or friction from footwear.

Swelling

Swelling around the affected nail is common. The skin around the ingrown nail may become red and inflamed.

Infection

If the ingrown toenail is not treated, it can become infected. Signs of infection include increased redness, swelling, warmth, and the presence of pus. The area may also emit an unpleasant odor.

Hardening of the Skin

In some cases, the skin around the ingrown toenail can harden, forming a protective barrier. This can make the condition more difficult to treat and increase discomfort.

Treatment Options for Ingrown Toenails

Home Remedies

1. Soaking the Foot

Soaking the affected foot in warm, soapy water can help reduce swelling and relieve pain. Adding Epsom salts to the water can provide additional relief. Soak for 15-20 minutes, 2-3 times a day.

2. Proper Nail Trimming

Ensure that toenails are trimmed straight across and not too short. Avoid rounding the corners, which can encourage the nail to grow into the skin.

3. Use of Cotton or Dental Floss

Gently lifting the edge of the ingrown nail and placing a small piece of cotton or dental floss under it can help guide the nail to grow above the skin edge. Change the cotton or floss daily to prevent infection.

4. Wearing Comfortable Footwear

Opt for shoes with a wide toe box that provides enough room for your toes. Avoid tight or high-heeled shoes that put pressure on the toes.

Medical Treatments

1. Antibiotics

If an ingrown toenail becomes infected, a doctor may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to treat the infection and prevent it from spreading.

2. Partial Nail Removal

In severe cases, a healthcare provider may need to remove part of the ingrown nail. This procedure, known as partial nail avulsion, is performed under local anesthesia. The doctor may also apply a chemical to prevent that portion of the nail from regrowing.

3. Total Nail Removal

In recurring or severe cases, total nail removal might be necessary. This procedure involves removing the entire toenail and is performed under local anesthesia. The nail can take several months to grow back, and sometimes a chemical is applied to prevent regrowth altogether.

4. Surgical Treatments

Surgical treatments such as a matrixectomy, where the nail matrix (root) is destroyed, can provide a permanent solution to chronic ingrown toenails. This procedure ensures that the nail does not grow back, or if it does, it grows back thinner and less likely to become ingrown.

Prevention of Ingrown Toenails

Proper Nail Care

Regularly trimming nails straight across and keeping them at a moderate length can prevent ingrown toenails. Avoid cutting nails too short or rounding the edges.

Appropriate Footwear

Choosing shoes that fit well and provide enough room for your toes can reduce the risk of developing ingrown toenails. Shoes with a wide toe box are particularly beneficial.

Good Foot Hygiene

Maintaining clean and dry feet can prevent infections and complications associated with ingrown toenails. Regularly washing feet with soap and water and drying them thoroughly is essential.

Avoiding Trauma

Protecting your toes from injury by wearing protective footwear during activities that pose a risk of toe trauma can help prevent ingrown toenails.

When to See a Doctor

While many cases of ingrown toenails can be managed at home, it is essential to seek medical attention if:

• There are signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus.
• The pain is severe and does not improve with home treatments.
• You have diabetes or another condition that causes poor blood circulation or weakened immune system.
• The ingrown toenail recurs frequently.

Conclusion

Ingrown toenails can be painful and inconvenient, but with proper care and attention, they are manageable and often preventable. Understanding the causes and symptoms, utilizing effective home treatments, and knowing when to seek medical attention are key to maintaining healthy toenails. Remember, proper nail trimming, wearing appropriate footwear, and maintaining good foot hygiene are crucial steps in preventing this common condition.