How to Work as a Veterinary Doctor in the United States: Full Guide for Graduates

Characteristics and Special Aspects of the United States and Its Healthcare System

The United States is a land of vast opportunities, diverse cultures, and advanced technologies. As one of the world's leading countries in various fields, the U.S. offers a dynamic environment for veterinary doctors. The healthcare system in the U.S. is highly developed, featuring state-of-the-art facilities, a wide range of specializations, and extensive research opportunities.

Opportunities for Veterinary Doctors

The U.S. has a significant demand for veterinary services, driven by the large population of pets and livestock. Veterinary doctors in the U.S. can work in private practices, animal hospitals, research institutions, zoos, and governmental agencies. The country also offers opportunities for specialization in fields such as surgery, dermatology, oncology, and exotic animal medicine.

Licensing Process for Veterinary Doctors in the United States

Steps to Get the License to Practice Veterinary Medicine

To practice veterinary medicine in the U.S., both domestic and international graduates must obtain a license. The process involves several steps, including education, examinations, and sometimes additional training.

1. Educational Requirements

Veterinary doctors must hold a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from an accredited veterinary school. For international graduates, the degree must be equivalent to a DVM from a U.S. institution.

2. The North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE)

The NAVLE is a crucial exam that all aspiring veterinary doctors must pass. Administered by the International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA), the NAVLE assesses the knowledge and skills required to practice veterinary medicine.

• Exam Details:
  • The NAVLE is a computer-based exam with 360 multiple-choice questions.
  • It is offered twice a year, in November-December and April.
  • The exam duration is 7.5 hours, including breaks.
• Fees:
  • The exam fee is approximately $720 for U.S. graduates and $1,050 for international graduates.
• Pass Rate:
  • The pass rate for the NAVLE is typically around 80% for U.S. graduates and 50-60% for international graduates.
• Study Resources:
  • Recommended resources include textbooks, online courses, and practice exams. Popular study materials are the Merck Veterinary Manual, VetPrep, and Zuku Review.

3. Additional State Requirements

After passing the NAVLE, veterinary doctors must meet additional requirements specific to the state where they intend to practice. These requirements may include:

• State Jurisprudence Exams: These exams test knowledge of state laws and regulations related to veterinary practice.
• Background Checks: Some states require a background check and fingerprinting.
• Continuing Education: Many states require ongoing education to maintain licensure.

4. Clinical Proficiency Examination (CPE) for International Graduates

International graduates may need to pass the Clinical Proficiency Examination (CPE) as part of the Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG) certification program.

• Exam Details:
  • The CPE assesses clinical skills through hands-on tasks in a simulated veterinary practice environment.
  • It is typically a 3-day exam covering areas such as surgery, anesthesia, diagnostic imaging, and clinical pathology.
• Fees:
  • The CPE fee is around $6,500.
• Study Resources:
  • Practical experience, clinical rotations, and review courses can help prepare for the CPE.

Licensing Authorities and Resources:

• International Council for Veterinary Assessment (ICVA): https://www.icva.net/
• Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG): https://www.avma.org/education/ecfvg

Steps to Get a Veterinary Medicine Job

Finding a job as a veterinary doctor in the U.S. involves several key steps, including networking, job searching, and interviewing.

1. Networking

Building a professional network is crucial. Attend veterinary conferences, join professional organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), and connect with peers and mentors in the field.

2. Job Search Platforms

Utilize job search platforms that specialize in veterinary positions, such as:

• AVMA Career Center: https://jobs.avma.org/
• VetMed Careers: https://www.vetmedcareers.com/
• VetRecruiter: https://www.thevetrecruiter.com/

3. Preparing Your Application

Ensure your resume and cover letter are tailored to the job you are applying for. Highlight relevant experience, certifications, and skills.

4. Interviewing

Prepare for interviews by researching the employer, practicing common interview questions, and demonstrating your passion for veterinary medicine.

Average Salaries and Cost of Living

The average salary for veterinary doctors in the U.S. varies based on experience, specialization, and location. As of 2023, the median annual salary for veterinarians is approximately $100,000. Specialists and those in high-demand areas can earn significantly more.

Cost of Living:

• Housing: Monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from $1,000 to $3,000, depending on the city.
• Utilities: Average utility costs are around $150 per month.
• Transportation: Public transportation costs vary, with monthly passes ranging from $70 to $150.
• Food: Monthly grocery expenses average around $300 to $600.

Life in the United States

Diversity and Culture

The U.S. is known for its cultural diversity, with people from various backgrounds and nationalities. This multicultural environment enriches the country's social fabric and offers a welcoming atmosphere for international professionals.

Big Cities and Famous Hospitals

• New York City: Home to the Animal Medical Center, one of the largest non-profit animal hospitals in the world.
• Los Angeles: Features the VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, renowned for its specialty services.
• Chicago: Known for the Chicago Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center.
• Houston: Home to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.

Visa and Residency for Foreign Veterinary Doctors

Visa Requirements

To work as a veterinary doctor in the U.S., foreign graduates typically need a work visa. The most common visas are the H-1B (Specialty Occupations) and the TN visa for Canadian and Mexican citizens under NAFTA.

• H-1B Visa:
  • Requires a job offer from a U.S. employer.
  • The employer must file a petition with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
  • More details can be found at https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/h-1b-specialty-occupations
• TN Visa:
  • Available to Canadian and Mexican citizens.
  • Requires proof of employment in a qualifying profession.
  • More details can be found at https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals

Residency and Nationality

After working in the U.S. on a temporary visa, veterinary doctors may seek permanent residency (green card). The employer can sponsor the green card application through the EB-2 or EB-3 visa categories, depending on the candidate's qualifications.

• Green Card Application:
  • Involves filing a petition with the USCIS.
  • Requires proof of employment and qualifications.
  • More details can be found at https://www.uscis.gov/green-card

Public and Private Healthcare

Veterinary doctors in the U.S. can work in both public and private sectors. The private sector includes private practices and animal hospitals, while the public sector includes government agencies and non-profit organizations.

• Public Sector Opportunities:
  • USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Private Sector Opportunities:
  • Small animal practices
  • Large animal practices
  • Specialty hospitals

Additional Details for International Veterinary Doctors

Professional Organizations:

Joining professional organizations can provide support, resources, and networking opportunities.

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): https://www.avma.org/
• International Veterinary Students’ Association (IVSA): https://www.ivsa.org/

Continuing Education:

Continuing education is essential for maintaining licensure and staying current with advancements in veterinary medicine. Many states require a certain number of continuing education hours annually.

Popular Continuing Education Resources:

• Veterinary Information Network (VIN): https://www.vin.com/
• American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA): https://www.aaha.org/

Research and Academic Opportunities:

Veterinary doctors interested in research or academia can pursue opportunities at leading universities and research institutions.

• Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: https://www.vet.cornell.edu/
• University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine: https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/