A 10-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss over the past month. A random blood glucose test shows 250 mg/dL. MCQs: What is the hallmark symptom of Type 1 diabetes in children? A) Weight gain B) Polyuria and polydipsia C) Nausea D) Abdominal pain What is the initial treatment for a child diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes? A) Oral hypoglycemics B) Insulin therapy C) Dietary modifications only D) Exercise regimen Answers with Explanations: Answer: B) Polyuria and polydipsia Explanation: Polyuria (frequent urination) and polydipsia (increased thirst) are hallmark symptoms of Type 1 diabetes due to osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia. Answer: B) Insulin therapy Explanation: The initial treatment for Type 1 diabetes involves insulin therapy to control blood glucose levels effectively. Overview of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Effective management includes insulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring, and patient education on recognizing and managing hypoglycemia. Discussion Points: Diagnosis: Discuss the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for Type 1 diabetes. Management: Outline the initial management, including insulin therapy and dietary modifications. Patient Education: Explain the importance of blood glucose monitoring and recognizing signs of hypoglycemia.
