Vaginal Discharge: What Is This Weird Substance That Comes Out My Bits?

A significant portion of the global population experiences vaginal discharge regularly, yet many remain unaware of what constitutes normal or abnormal discharge. This lack of education often leads to misconceptions and unnecessary anxiety about vaginal health.

What is Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a natural fluid produced by glands inside the vagina and cervix. Its primary functions include keeping the vagina clean, moist, and protected from infections.

“Vaginal discharge is made up of mucoid endocervical secretions with sloughing epithelial cells and the normal vaginal flora. It typically amounts to 1-4 milliliters in a 24-hour period for women of reproductive age and has a pH of between 4-4.5,” explains Dr. Angela Brown, an expert in women’s health.

The production of vaginal discharge is influenced by hormonal changes and is notably reduced during pre-pubescence and post-menopause due to lower estrogen levels. Estrogen is a crucial hormone that regulates puberty, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy.

What is “Normal” Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge can vary in consistency and volume throughout the menstrual cycle, driven by hormonal fluctuations. Understanding these variations can help distinguish between normal and abnormal discharge.

“Some vaginal discharge is normal and can vary in consistency and volume with the hormonal changes that occur with the menstrual cycle. Watery, stringy, egg-white mucous is normally associated with ovulation and has been used to predict ovulation in couples trying to conceive,” says gynecologist Dr. Gino Pecoraro.

This stretchy consistency facilitates the passage of sperm to the egg during ovulation, a time when estrogen levels peak.

“At other times in the menstrual cycle, the discharge will appear sticky and can be white or even yellowish or creamy, and even wet and watery. These changes are associated with the hormonal changes in the woman’s body,” adds Dr. Brown.

When Should You Be Concerned About Vaginal Discharge?
While variations in discharge are normal, certain changes may signal an underlying issue. Dr. Pecoraro advises monitoring for the following concerning features:

• Offensive smell
• Sudden significant increase in volume
• Changes in character to thick, bloodstained, frothy, or cottage cheese-like consistency
• Irritation or itching

These symptoms could indicate an infection that requires medical attention. Common conditions that can cause abnormal vaginal discharge include:

Vaginal Candidiasis (Thrush)
Thrush is caused by an overgrowth of yeast that typically resides in the body. It produces a thick white, cottage cheese-like discharge accompanied by itching, pain during sex, and discomfort when urinating.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
BV occurs when there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina. It results in a copious cream, grey, or green-colored discharge often associated with a strong fishy odor.

Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection is caused by a protozoan parasite. It produces a yellowy-greenish frothy discharge.

What Should You Avoid?
One of the most unusual practices Dr. Pecoraro encountered involved a patient inserting cotton candy into her vagina to make cunnilingus more appealing to her partner. “I can’t recommend this as any foreign material, especially something high in sugar, can stimulate bacterial growth and upset the balance of normal bacteria that live in the vagina,” he advises.

Extending the Discussion on Vaginal Health
The Role of Hormones in Vaginal Discharge
Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman's life impact vaginal discharge significantly. During the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone levels rise and fall, influencing the volume and consistency of the discharge. For instance, around ovulation, elevated estrogen levels cause the discharge to become clear, stretchy, and slippery, aiding sperm mobility.

Puberty and Vaginal Discharge
During puberty, the body undergoes numerous changes, including the onset of vaginal discharge. This discharge is usually clear or white and may vary in consistency. It's essential for young girls to understand these changes to avoid unnecessary worry and to recognize signs of potential issues.

Pregnancy and Vaginal Discharge
Pregnancy brings about hormonal changes that can increase vaginal discharge. This discharge, known as leukorrhea, is typically thin, white, and mild-smelling. Its purpose is to protect the vaginal canal from infections during pregnancy. However, any changes in color, odor, or consistency should be reported to a healthcare provider.

Menopause and Vaginal Discharge
During menopause, decreased estrogen levels lead to a reduction in vaginal discharge. This can result in vaginal dryness and discomfort. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may help alleviate these symptoms, but it’s essential to discuss the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider.

Maintaining Vaginal Health
Maintaining vaginal health involves understanding and respecting the natural processes of the body. Here are some tips:

• Good Hygiene Practices: Wash the external genital area with mild soap and water. Avoid douching as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina.
• Proper Clothing: Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes that can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for bacteria.
• Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in probiotics can help maintain a healthy vaginal flora. Yogurt, kimchi, and other fermented foods are good choices.
• Regular Medical Check-ups: Regular gynecological exams can help detect and treat any issues early.

Dispelling Myths About Vaginal Discharge
There are numerous myths surrounding vaginal discharge that contribute to unnecessary fear and stigma. Here are a few common misconceptions:

• Myth: All discharge is a sign of infection. Fact: Normal vaginal discharge varies throughout the menstrual cycle and is essential for vaginal health.
• Myth: Vaginal discharge should always be odorless. Fact: Normal discharge has a mild odor, which can vary depending on hormonal changes.
• Myth: Using scented products can eliminate odor. Fact: Scented products can disrupt the natural balance of the vagina and lead to infections.

Conclusion
Understanding vaginal discharge and its variations is crucial for maintaining good vaginal health. Recognizing what is normal and what warrants concern can help alleviate unnecessary anxiety and ensure timely medical intervention when needed. Education and open discussions about vaginal health can dispel myths, promote self-care, and encourage regular medical check-ups, contributing to overall well-being.

Additional Information for Health Professionals
For healthcare providers, it's essential to educate patients about the normalcy of vaginal discharge and the signs of potential problems. Providing resources and fostering a non-judgmental environment can encourage patients to seek help when needed.

Patient Education
Healthcare providers should:

• Explain the Role of Vaginal Discharge: Educate patients on how vaginal discharge functions as part of the body's natural defense system.
• Normalize Variations: Discuss how discharge changes throughout the menstrual cycle and life stages.
• Highlight Warning Signs: Clearly outline what changes in discharge should prompt a visit to the doctor.

Research and Innovations
Ongoing research in women’s health continues to shed light on the complexities of vaginal discharge and its implications. Innovations in diagnostic tools and treatments are helping to better understand and manage conditions associated with abnormal discharge.

By staying informed about the latest research and advances, healthcare providers can offer the best care and advice to their patients, ensuring optimal vaginal health.