Why Benzocaine and Homeopathic Teething Tablets Are Unsafe for Babies

Teething is a natural part of a baby's development, but it can be an incredibly challenging period for both the baby and the parents. The process of teeth erupting through the gums is often accompanied by discomfort, irritability, and sleepless nights. In an effort to alleviate the pain and soothe their babies, parents often turn to various over-the-counter teething remedies. However, many of these remedies come with significant risks and potential dangers. This comprehensive guide will delve into the hidden dangers of common teething-pain remedies and provide safer alternatives for parents.

Understanding Teething and Its Symptoms

Teething typically begins around six months of age, although it can start as early as three months or as late as 12 months. The symptoms of teething can vary widely among infants but often include:

• Excessive drooling
• Irritability and fussiness
• Swollen, tender gums
• Biting or gnawing on objects
• Decreased appetite
• Difficulty sleeping
• A mild increase in temperature (not to be confused with fever)

While these symptoms are normal, they can cause significant discomfort, prompting parents to seek relief options. However, the key is to choose safe and effective remedies.

Common Over-the-Counter Teething Remedies and Their Risks

Many over-the-counter (OTC) teething remedies have been marketed as quick and effective solutions to alleviate teething pain. However, some of these remedies pose serious risks to infants. Below are the most commonly used teething pain remedies and the dangers associated with them:

1. Topical Anesthetics (Benzocaine Products)

One of the most popular teething remedies is the use of topical anesthetics that contain benzocaine. These gels, sprays, ointments, or liquids are applied directly to the gums to numb the area, providing temporary relief. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued several warnings about the dangers of benzocaine for infants and young children.

Risks of Benzocaine:

• Methemoglobinemia: Benzocaine can cause a rare but serious condition called methemoglobinemia, which reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the bloodstream. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, and nails; shortness of breath; fatigue; confusion; and a rapid heart rate. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening.
• Choking Hazard: The numbing effect can make it difficult for babies to swallow properly, increasing the risk of choking.

Given these risks, the FDA advises against the use of benzocaine products for children under the age of two, except under the advice and supervision of a healthcare professional.

2. Homeopathic Teething Tablets and Gels

Homeopathic teething remedies have been marketed as natural alternatives, but they are not without risks. These products have been found to contain potentially harmful ingredients, including belladonna, a toxic substance.

Risks of Homeopathic Teething Products:

• Belladonna Toxicity: Belladonna, also known as deadly nightshade, is a plant that contains alkaloids capable of causing serious side effects, such as seizures, difficulty breathing, lethargy, muscle weakness, and excessive sleepiness. There have been reports of adverse events, including death, associated with homeopathic teething tablets.
• Lack of Regulation: Unlike prescription and OTC medications, homeopathic remedies are not subject to rigorous FDA testing for safety and efficacy. As a result, the concentration of belladonna and other potentially harmful ingredients can vary widely between products.

The FDA has issued warnings to parents and caregivers about the use of homeopathic teething tablets and gels and has advised against their use due to safety concerns.

3. Teething Necklaces and Bracelets

Teething necklaces and bracelets, often made of amber, silicone, wood, or other materials, have become popular as natural teething pain relief methods. These products are worn around a baby's neck or wrist, with the idea that they help relieve teething pain through various mechanisms. Amber teething necklaces, in particular, are believed to release succinic acid, which is said to have anti-inflammatory properties.

Risks of Teething Jewelry:

• Choking Hazard: Teething necklaces and bracelets pose a significant choking risk. If the necklace or bracelet breaks, small beads or pieces can be swallowed or inhaled.
• Strangulation Hazard: Necklaces worn around a baby's neck can become caught on objects or tighten during sleep, posing a risk of strangulation.
• Infection Risk: Wearing teething jewelry can irritate a baby’s skin and increase the risk of infection, especially if the jewelry is not properly sanitized.

Due to these risks, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises against the use of teething necklaces, bracelets, and other jewelry.

4. Over-the-Counter Pain Medications (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen)

While OTC pain medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are sometimes used to alleviate teething pain, they should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Aspirin should never be given to children under 19 years of age due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain.

Risks of OTC Pain Medications:

• Overdose Risk: Incorrect dosing of acetaminophen or ibuprofen can lead to serious complications, including liver damage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and kidney damage.
• Masking Serious Conditions: Pain relief medications may mask symptoms of other serious conditions, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

Parents should always consult with a pediatrician before giving any medication to their infant for teething pain.

Safe Alternatives for Managing Teething Pain

Fortunately, there are safer alternatives that parents can consider for managing teething pain without the risks associated with potentially dangerous remedies. Some effective and safe teething pain relief methods include:

1. Cold Compresses and Teething Rings

Cold can help numb the gums and reduce inflammation. Using a chilled (not frozen) teething ring or a cold, damp washcloth can provide soothing relief. It's important to avoid freezing teething rings, as extreme cold can damage the gums.

2. Gentle Gum Massage

Gently massaging a baby's gums with a clean finger can help relieve discomfort. The pressure from the massage can alleviate some of the pain associated with teething.

3. Frozen Washcloth or Fruit

A frozen washcloth or a piece of cold, peeled fruit like a banana or apple (supervised and age-appropriate) can be soothing for babies to gnaw on. This not only provides relief but also introduces different textures to explore.

4. Distraction Techniques

Keeping the baby engaged with playtime, reading, or other activities can help distract them from the discomfort of teething.

5. Breastfeeding or Bottle Feeding

Breastfeeding or giving a bottle can comfort a baby during teething. The sucking motion and the presence of the parent can provide additional comfort and reassurance.

Red Flags to Watch For During Teething

While teething is often accompanied by discomfort, it’s important for parents to be aware of red flags that may indicate a more serious problem. These include:

• High fever (over 100.4°F or 38°C)
• Persistent diarrhea or vomiting
• Severe irritability or prolonged crying
• Refusal to eat or drink
• Unusual rashes or swelling

If any of these symptoms occur, parents should consult a pediatrician to rule out other health conditions.

Conclusion: Safety First for Teething Remedies

Teething is a natural process that can be challenging for both babies and parents, but it is important to prioritize safety when choosing teething remedies. While it may be tempting to use quick fixes such as topical anesthetics, homeopathic tablets, teething jewelry, or OTC medications, these options come with significant risks that can outweigh the benefits. Opting for safe, natural alternatives and consulting with a pediatrician can help parents manage teething discomfort in a way that prioritizes their child's health and safety.