[Broken External Image]:https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd....1.0-9/1888484_737242382961027_489743851_n.jpg Kocher’s incision An oblique incision made in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, classially used for open cholecystectomy. It is appropriate for certain operations on the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract. This shares a name with the Kocher incision used for thyroid surgery: a transverse, slightly curved incision about 2 cm above the sternoclavicular joints Midline incision The most common incision for laparotomy is the midline incision, a vertical incision which follows the linea alba. The upper midline incision usually extends from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus. A typical lower midline incision is limited by the umbilicus superiorly and by the pubic symphysis inferiorly. Sometimes a single incision extending from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis is employed, especially in trauma surgery. Midline incisions are particularly favoured in diagnostic laparotomy, as they allow wide access to most of the abdominal cavity. Making a smooth curve around the umbilicus McBurney incision This is the incision used for open appendectomy, it begins 2 to 5 centimeters above the anterior superior iliac spine and continues to a point one-third of the way to the umbilicus (McBurney's point). Thus, the incision is parallel to the external oblique muscle of the abdomen which allows the muscle to be split in the direction of its fibers, decreasing healing times and scar tissue formation. This incision heals rapidly and generally has good cosmetic results, especially if a subcuticular suture is used to close the skin Battle incision a surgical incision used in appendectomies, with temporary medial retraction of the rectus muscle.It is named after an English surgeon William Henry Battle. It is rarely used anymore because it produces ugly scar and sometimes incisional hernia. Lanz incision cosmetically better, used for open appendicectomy. is made approximately 2 cm below the umbilicus centered on mid clavicular-midinguinal line . Paramedian incision provides laterality to the midline incision, allowing lateral structures such as the kidney, adrenals and spleen to be accessed. it locates about 2- 5cm to the left or right of the midline incision. Incision is over the medial aspect of the transverse convexity of the rectus Transverse incision for operation of right or left colon, duodenum, pancreas, subhepatic space. This incision is made just above the umbilicus, dividing one or both of the rectus muscles Pfannenstiel incision The Pfannenstiel incision, a transverse incision below the umbilicus and just above the pubic symphysis. In the classic Pfannenstiel incision, the skin and subcutaneous tissue are incised transversally, but the linea alba is opened vertically. It is the incision of choice for Caesarean section and for abdominal hysterectomy for benign disease
