'Burn-Out' Is Now A Legitimate Syndrome According To The WHO. Here Are The Symptoms

Workplace 'burn-out' has become such a serious health issue in the modern age, it's now been reclassified by the World Health Organisation.

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Within the agency's widely-used manual, known as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), burn-out will be officially listed: not as a medical condition (as some initial reports have wrongfully stated), but instead as an 'occupational syndrome'.

The changes from the last edition are relatively small, but experts are hopeful that the updates will add legitimacy to an emerging and misunderstood problem.

Included for the first time in the ICD's tenth edition, burn-out was initially explained as a "state of vital exhaustion". The international agency's new definition is a little more fleshed-out.

Drawing on a growing body of research, the eleventh edition now claims that this syndrome is due solely to "chronic workplace stress" and "should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life."

The modern ailment is chaptered-up with several other "problems associated with employment" that are not technically considered illnesses, but can nevertheless have serious medical repercussions.

Here's how the WHO characterises burnout: "feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and reduced professional efficacy."

The parameters of burn-out are in desperate need of clarity, and these new international standards could greatly improve diagnosis and treatment. Currently, there is no neat or universal way to tease out symptoms of burn-out from symptoms of other mental health conditions, such as depression.

On a global scale, this makes it extremely difficult for doctors to recognise the syndrome, let alone treat it, and in some professions it's causing an epidemic.

Dear Doctor: Are You Stressed Out?

A UK survey, for instance, found that nearly 30 percent of human resource directors thought burnout was widespread in their organisation; while a recent report from Harvard declared physician burnout in the US a public health crisis, potentially costing the economy US$4.6 billion a year.

Within certain people-oriented professions, the norm is to be selfless and work for others, but it isn't long before the demands of altruism take their toll. Far from being an excuse for laziness, WHO's own research suggests that burn-out occurs when the demands of a job far outweigh the rewards, recognition, and times of relaxation.

As a result, workers who are burned out often feel like their ambitions, idealism, and sense of worth are slowly being strangled. The losses from this syndrome are not simply financial, and they could have a large impact on public health.

Some research has shown that the profound emotional exhaustion and negativity brought on by burn-out can actually change a worker's brain, making it harder for them to deal with stress in the future. Neuroimaging studies have even found similarities between the brains of those who suffer from early-life trauma and those who deal with clinical burn-out in adulthood.

While these changes are not always permanent, they do adversely affect a worker's long-term health. A large study of nearly 9,000 employed adults found that workplace burn-out was a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Meanwhile, other studies have found similar patterns for high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, hospitalisation due to a cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries, and even mortality before age 45.

And those are just the physical effects. The psychological effects from burn-out include such doozies as insomnia, depression, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalisation for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms.

The ICD's eleventh edition will only take effect in January 2022, but hopefully with this new announcement, burn-out will be recognised as a serious health issue long before that.

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