Absorption To take in or soak up Anastomosis Pathological, surgical, or traumatic formation of an opening between two normally separate organs Ascites Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdominal cavity Bile A secretion of the liver that breaks down fats, preparing them for digestion & absorption in the small intestine chole- Bile, gall Chyle A white liquid that consists of products of digestion, chiefly emulsifies fats, that passes through the small intestine into the lymphatic system Chyme The thick, semifluid contents of the stomach formed during digestion -cysto Cyst, urinary bladder, sac of fluid -docho Intestine -ectomy To remove/Removal of Excision Surgical removal Incision Cut made with a sharp instrument lysis Breaking down/Dissolving Necrosis Tissue death -oma Tumor, growth, neoplasm -ostomy Surgically creating a new opening or mouth -otomy Surgical incision, to cut Parietal 1) Refers to the outer portion of a cavity or organ. 2) Pertaining to the parietal bone of the cranium. 3) Pertaining to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum Peristalsis Rythmic contractions of smooth muscle layers that force food through the GI tract urine through the ureters, and bile through the common bile ducts Peritoneum A thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity Portal venous system Venous system that carries blood to a second capillary bed prior to returning blood to the general circulation -stasis Controlling/Stopping the flow of stenosis Narrowing/Tighting Ulcer A crater-like lesion that is usually circular in shape & penetrates the skin; may be very deep, resulting from infection Viscera Any organ of a body cavity Nine regions of the abdomen ... Which section contains the majority of the small intestines: Hypogastric Region Four Quadrants of the abdomen Splenic Flexure LLQ Appendix RLQ Most of the stomach LUQ Liver RUQ Head of pancreas RUQ Sigmoid Colon RLQ Tail of pancreas LUQ Spleen LUQ Duodenum RUQ Cecum RLQ Gallbladder RUQ Left ovary LLQ Linea alba literally means_____ ____ and will be found in the ______ abdominal wall. white line; rectus Identify where the bilateral abdominocrural creases are located Between the thigh & abdomen Identify the two layers of the peritoneum Parietal & Visceral What is the primary function of the peritoneum Provide a slippery surface of which the viscera can glide Identify the three regions of the retroperitoneal space and the organs that are located in each Anterior pararenal; Pancreas and parts of the duodenum and colon. Parirenal; Holds structures of the ruologic & vascular concern Posterior pararenal; Contains NO organs Trace the alimentary pathway Mouth; Uvula; Pharynx; Epiglottis; Esophagus; Cardiac sphincter; Fundus of stomach; Cardia of stomach; Body of stomach; Pylorus of stomach; Pyloric sphincter; Duodenum; Jejunum; Ileum; Ileocecal valve; Cecum; Ascending colon; Hepatic flexure; Transverse colon; Splenic flexure; Descending colon; Sigmoid colon; Rectum; Anus. Lower GI tract Ileocecal valve; Cecum; Ascending Colon; Hepatic flexure; Transverse colon; Splenic flexure; Descending colon; Sigmoid colon; Rectum; Anus Biliary tree Structures & Segments of the stomach Identify the five major segments of the stomach and the purpose of each section Cardia; secretes mucous to ease passage of food. Fundus; produces hydrochloric acid. Corpus; produces acid & secretes pepsinogen & mucous. Antrum; non-acid producing secretes mucous & gastrin. Pylorus; food storage area before is passes in the duodenum. The folds of the stomach are called Rugae Parasympathetic innervation to the stomach is provided by the ______ nerve. This nerve and the main left and right gastric arteries run primarily along ________ of the stomach. The left gastroepiploic artery is located primarily along the _____ of the stomach. Vagus; The four layers of the wall of the digestive tract are Mucousa; Submucousa; Muscularis External; Serosa The enzyme amylase secreted in the oral cavity begins digestion of the food substance_____ Starch The enzyme pepsinogen secreted in the stomach begins digestion of the food substance_____ Protein Bile secreted in the duodenum works to emulsify the food substance_____ Fat Emulsification The breaking down of large fat globules into the intestines into smaller, uniformly distributed particles The enzyme lipase begins digestion of the food substance_____ Fat The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of_____ Food & nutrients The large intestine is responsible for absorption of_____ Water & electrolytes The movement of food through the intestines by the muscles of the alimentary canal is called______ Parastalis What is the purpose of the mesentary? Contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels that serve the adjoining organs. Describe the typical location of the appendix. RLQ; Attached to the cecum What is the purpose of the mesoappendix? It supplies blood to the appendix Gallbladder, bile ducts, and porta hepatic The three segments of the gallbladder manipulated during removal include: Fundus, body, Hartman's Pouch The biliary tree outlined during an intraoperative cholangiogram my include: R & L Hepatic ducts, Common hepatic duct, Cystic duct, Common bile duct. What is the function of the Sphincter of Oddi? Controls the flow of bile into the duodenum Identify the duct(s) that transport enzymes from the pancreas to duodenum. Duct of Santorini, Duct Wirsung The pancreas is classified as both an________and_________gland. Exocrine; Endocrine Where are the islets of Langerhans located and what is their function? In the pancreas for the production of insulin. What is the largest parenchymal organ in the normal abdominal cavity. Identify the blood supply of this organ. Liver; Hepatic portal vein List the functions that are performed by the cells of the liver. Produce bile; Metabolize carbs, fats, & proteins; Store sugar as glycogen; Store fat soluble vitamins, A,D,E & K, plus iron & copper; Detoxify harmful substances via phagocytosis. List the significant tissues and landmarks of the groin area. Skin & subcutaneous tissues, Scarpa's fascia, interparietal fascia, internal oblique muscle, transverse abdominus muscle, transversalis fascia, Cooper's ligament, rectus abdominus muscle and peritoneum. An indirect hernia occurs at the_______ring and may extend to the______ring. ... Indirect inguinal hernia Direct inguinal hernia A direct hernia occurs withing the Hesselbach's triangle; Femoral hernia A femoral hernia occurs as a defect in the Abdominal wall Inguinal hernias occur_____the abdominocrural crease; femoral hernias occur_____the abdominocrural crease ... Varicose veins Normal veins that become elongated, dilated and tortous Where can varicose veins occur? Lower extremity, but can also be; lower esophagus, spermatic cord, and in anorectal region. What is the major function of the thyroid gland? Makes, stores and releases the hormones, T4 & T3. What nerve requires careful dissection during thyroid surgery? The laryngeal nerve Describe the parathyroid glands Number from 2-6 and are small, flat, oval structures lying on the dorsal side of the thyroid gland. What happens if all parathyroid glands are removed? Tetany Sac or pouch/enlargement of intestinal wall Diverticulum Mucosal growth considered a precursor to dysplasia Polyp Telescoping of intestine within itself Intussception Twisting of bowel Volvulus Occurs in the sacrococcygeal area with sinus formation Pilonidal disease Difficulty swallowing due to motility disorder Dysphagia Hiatal hernia causing mucosal trauma Reflux disease Perianal abscess Fistula-in-ano Congenital outpouching located in the ileum Meckel's diverticulum Chronic condition with weight loss, abscess, or bleeding Crohn's disease Surgical intervention for prolonged intubation Tracheostomy Splenomegaly Splenectomy Severely increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) Thyroidectomy Elevated WBC count, rebound tenderness Appendectomy Multicentric ductal carcinoma, male or female Radical mastectomy Severe Crohn's disease Right hemicolectomy Cancer in the head of the pancreas removed Whipple Stage I or Stage II cancer without axillary node involvement Mastectomy Laceration of the spleen Splenorrhaphy Defect in abdominal wall affecting structures of spermatic cord, Scarpa's fascia, cremaster muscle McVay repair What are the two types of choleliths, and what is the composition of each? Cholesterol stones; by-product of liver bile. Pigment stones; composed of calcium biliruinate, bilirubin polymers, bile acids, irons & phosphors Peptic ulcers are most frequently found in which location? Inside the lining of the esophagus, stomach and the upper portion of small intestines. Includes both direct and indirect hernias Pantaloon hernia Occurs usually at esophageal haitus Diaphragmatic hernia A direct or indirect hernia usually in men Inguinal hernia Acquired defect that occurs in Hesselbach's triangle Direct hernia Occurs congenital or acquired due to obesity or pregnancy Umbilical hernia Entrapment of organs, which cannot be returned to abdomen Strangulated hernia Most common in females/may entrap lymph nodes Femoral hernia Occurs on anterior abdominal wall Ventral hernia Usually congenital along spermatic cord Indirect hernia Entrapment that compromises vascularity Incarcerated hernia Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency of______in the blood. Platelets Which diagnostic tools will be useful in determining liver pathology? Biopsy Four causes of varicose veins of the lower extremity. Heredity; Obesity; Pregnancy; Hypertension Define gynecomastia, and describe the surgical treatment. Development of breast tissue on a male; can be function and develop cancer. Overatcivity of the thyroid gland is referred to as Hyperthyroidism/Thyrotoxicosis What is meant by the term "staging" in reference to malignant tumors? ... Biopsy needle or Tru-Cut for liver biopsy. Franklin Silverman Maintains or enlarges size of esophagus Maloney dilators/bougie Manipulates vagus trunk during vagotomy Nerve hook Grasps bowel such as appendix Babcock tissue forcep Liver resection or liver laceration ---Yankauer tip Cell saver required Direct visualization placement of umbilical port Hasson Trocar Enlarges size of cystic duct and CBD Bakes dilator Decompress an engorged gallbladder Ochsner GB trocar Used for insertion of vascular access device Hasson Trocar Extends incision in vessel or duct Potts Smith scissors Removal of stones from duct Randall forceps Fistula incision guide Prove/grooved director Premoistened to manipulate spermatic cord/esophagus Penrose drain Clamps for occlusion on intestines Allen clamp Grasping hemorrhoids Buie Pile forceps Cholecystectomy Supine AND Reverse Trendelenburg Esophagectomy Lateral Pilonidal cystectomy Kraske Herniorrhaphy/Mastectomy Supine Endoscopic hernia repair Supine AND Trendelenburg A. RU Paramedian B. LL Paramedian C. R Subcostal D. R Midline Transverse E. Pfannenstiel F. U Longitudinal midline G. L Longitudinal midline H. McBurney's I. R Inguinol Oblique J. R Thoracoabdominal Closure mucosal layer of intestinal anastomosis 3-0 absorable continuous suture Find more here : Source
