When even researchers seem conflicted about exercise subjects ranging from the amount of time we're supposed to dedicate to exercise to the proper time for a workout, it can be tough to feel motivated enough to get moving. Because there's so much conflicting advice about health and fitness out there, we've outlined the biggest workout myths and misconceptions and countered them (where possible) with the truth. Use this as a guide to get fit in the most efficient way possible. Learn the reality about the best time of day to hit the gym, the quickest ticket to six-pack abs, and why running a marathon isn't the best way to achieve your fitness goals. Myth: Exercise doesn't help counter the negative effects of aging. Truth: Regular exercise has key benefits for the brain and body that include helping to counteract some of the negative effects of aging. Researchers behind a study published this summer in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that older people who spent less time sitting and more time moving had fewer signs of encroaching heart disease as measured by key markers of damage in the blood. The scientists had 1,600 British volunteers ages 60 to 64 wear heart-rate sensors for five days. They analyzed the participants' activity levels and compared them with indicators of heart disease such as cholesterol precursors and a substance called interleukin-6. Overall, the participants with more activity had lower levels of all the negative biomarkers. "It's important to replace time spent sedentary with any intensity level of activity," said Ahmed Elhakeem, a professor of epidemiology at England's University of Bristol who led the study. Myth: A sluggish metabolism is the main reason you gain weight as you age. Truth: As far as calorie-burning capacity goes, our metabolisms barely budge after age 30, according to the National Institutes of Health. That means this frequently vilified component of our bodies is not the real culprit when it comes to the pounds that seem to creep on with each passing decade. Instead, age-related weight gain has far more to do with activity patterns, which slowly grind down over time. The best way to avoid age-related weight gain is simply to move around more. Myth: To stay in shape, you need to work out only once or twice a week. Truth: Once or twice a week won't cut it for sustained health benefits. For your workouts to produce real results, you should be exercising three to five times a week, Chris Jordan, the exercise physiologist who came up with the seven-minute workout, told Business Insider. His insight is bolstered by a new study published in January in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation that found that the best results for heart health were gleaned when participants worked out four or five times a week. Myth: The best time to work out is first thing in the morning. Truth: The best time for a workout is whatever time allows you to exercise most consistently. Ideally, you want to make physical fitness a daily habit, so if late-night trips to the gym are your thing, stick with it. If you prefer a morning run, do that instead. Don't have a preference? Some research suggests that working out first thing in the morning might help speed weight loss by priming the body to burn more fat throughout the day. Myth: Weightlifting turns fat into muscle. Truth: You can't turn fat into muscle. Physiologically speaking, they're two different tissues. Adipose (fatty) tissue is found under the skin, sandwiched between muscles, and around internal organs like the heart. Muscle tissue — which can be further broken down into three main types — is found throughout the body. Weight training helps to build up the muscle tissue in and around any fat tissue. The best way to reduce fat tissue is to eat a diet that incorporates vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats like those found in olive oil and fish. Myth: Puzzles and games are great workouts for your brain. Truth: Plain old physical exercise seems to be better for brain health than any type of mental puzzle available, according to a wealth of research. A spate of recent studies suggests that aerobic exercise — any kind of activity that raises your heart rate and gets you moving and sweating for a sustained period — has a significant, overwhelmingly beneficial effect on the brain. When it comes to boosting your mood, improving your memory, and protecting your brain against age-related cognitive decline, exercise may be as close to a wonder drug as we'll get. "Aerobic exercise is key for your head, just as it is for your heart," a Harvard Medical School blog post says. Myth: Exercise is the best way to lose weight. Truth: If you're looking to lose weight, don't assume you can simply "work off" whatever you eat. Experts say that slimming down almost always starts with significant changes to your eating habits. "In terms of weight loss, diet plays a much bigger role than exercise," Philip Stanforth, an exercise scientist at the University of Texas, told Business Insider. That said, regular activity is an important part of any healthy lifestyle. Myth: Sit-ups are the quickest ticket to a six-pack. Truth: As opposed to sit-ups, which target only your abdominal muscles, planks recruit several groups of muscles along your sides, front, and back. If you want a strong core — especially the kind that would give you six-pack-like definition — you need to challenge all of these muscles. "Sit-ups or crunches strengthen just a few muscle groups," the authors of the Harvard Healthbeat newsletter said. "Through dynamic patterns of movement, a good core workout helps strengthen the entire set of core muscles you use every day." Myth: Weight training is for men. Truth: Weight training is a great way to strengthen muscles and has nothing to do with gender. That said, women produce less testosterone on average than men do, and studies suggest that hormone plays a role in determining how we build muscle. Myth: It takes at least a couple of weeks to get "out of shape." Truth: For most people, muscle tissue can start to break down within a week without regular exercise. "If you stop training, you actually do get noticeable deconditioning, or the beginnings of deconditioning, with as little as seven days of complete rest," said Shawn Arent, the director of the Center for Health and Human Performance at Rutgers University. "It very much is an issue of use it or lose it." Myth: Running a marathon is the ideal way to get fit. Truth: You can get many of the benefits of long-distance running without ever passing the five-mile mark. Not ready to conquer a marathon? No problem. Running fast and hard for just five to 10 minutes a day can provide some of the same health outcomes as running for hours. In fact, people who run for less than an hour a week — as long as they get in those few minutes each day — see similar heart-health benefits compared with those who run more than three hours a week. Plus, years of recent research suggest that short bursts of intense exercise can provide some of the same health benefits as long, endurance-style workouts — and they also tend to be more fun. Myth: Keeping a food diary is a reliable way of monitoring and controlling what you eat. Truth: Even when we're making an effort to be conscious about what we're putting into our bodies and how active we're being, we often give ourselves more credit than we deserve. "People tend to overestimate their physical activity and underestimate how much food they eat," Stanforth said. "They consistently think they've worked out more and consistently think they've eaten less." Myth: Sports drinks are the best way to rehydrate after a workout. Truth: Most sports drinks are just sugar and water. Instead, experts recommend refueling with plain old water and a high-protein snack, since studies suggest protein helps reconditionmuscles after a workout. (Because the contents of supplements like protein powders can be largely unregulated, however, your best bet is to eat real protein-packed food.) Myth: Your body mass index is an accurate way to size up your overall health. Truth: BMI is an outdated metric for assessing overall health; measuring your waistline is more accurate. That's because the amount of fat we hold around our waistlines indicates whether we're over- or underweight and is strongly linked to the health of our hearts, our risk for diseases like diabetes, and potentially even our cognitive performance as we age. Myth: You need to sweat for your exercise to count. Truth: Exercise could be the closest thing to a miracle drug that we have, but hardcore workouts like kickboxing aren't the only forms of it that count. Any effort that gets you moving and breathing — whether it's a twice-weekly heart-pounding kickboxing class or a 30-minute walk to work — has measurable benefits for your brain and body, according to research published this spring in the Journal of the American Heart Association. For the latest study, researchers looked at data on physical activity and death rates from national surveys of more than 4,800 adults and found that people who clocked roughly 30 minutes a day of exercise were significantly less likely to die from any cause than people who got none. The type of exercise mattered less than the simple fact that they were regularly moving. "The key message based on the results presented is that total physical activity (i.e., of any bout duration) provides important health benefits," the authors said. Source
